摘要：我国老龄化社会的治理与养老问题是党和政府面临的现实课题。居家养老、社区养老已是积极应对社会老龄化问题的国家战略，“建设老年宜居社区”是上海“十三五”的目标任务之一，那如何更好地有针对性的服务老人，本文将主要以上海市黄浦区为例，研究与思考社区居家养老老人们的需求，以及相对应的社会工作者们服务对策。通过问卷调查法、访谈法和案例分析法来更加清晰地反映老年人的服务需求，并且借鉴优秀案例来完善社区居家养老体系。这样的研究结果不仅扩大和强化了居家养老服务系统的覆盖面和服务功能，让更多的老年人在社区享受高质量的晚年生活，还有利于老龄化带来的压力得到缓解。针对需求提出相应对策，社区应该健全老龄事业领导机制、完善养老支持服务体系、重点突出特殊老人的需求、做到“老有所学、老有所教、老有所乐”，探索居家养老新模式。

关键词：社会老龄化   社区依托养老   居家养老   老年护理

Analysis on the demand and countermeasures of home care service in HuangPu district in Shanghai.

Abstract： The issue of governance and pension for the aging society in China is a realistic issue facing the party and the government. Home-based pensions and community-based pensions are already national strategies for actively responding to the problem of aging society. “Building a livable community for the elderly” is one of the goals and objectives of Shanghai’s “Thirteenth Five-Year Plan”. How can we better serve targeted elderly people? Taking the Huangpu District of Shanghai as an example, we will study and think about the needs of the elderly in the community, and the corresponding social workers' service strategies. Through questionnaires, interviews, and case analysis methods, the service needs of the elderly are more clearly reflected and the excellent cases are used to improve the community home-based pension system. Such research results not only expand and strengthen the coverage and service functions of the home-based pension service system, allowing more elderly people to enjoy high-quality life in the community in the community, but also help ease the pressure brought about by aging. In response to the demand for countermeasures, the community should improve the leadership mechanism for old-age careers, improve the pension support service system, highlight the needs of special elderly people, and achieve the goal of “learning, learning, and having fun in old age” and exploring home-based care for the elderly mode

Keywords: Social aging  Community relying on old-age care  Home care  Aged care 

目录

一、 引言 5

(一) 研究背景及意义 5

(二) 文献综述 6

(三) 研究目的与内容 7

(四) 研究方法 7

(五) 技术思路 9

二、 居家养老服务需求研究的理论基础 10

(一) 马斯洛需求理论 10

(二) 老年社会工作 11

三、 黄浦区居家养老服务对象的需求调研 11

(一) 调研对象的基本情况 12

(二) 调研对象对社区的服务需求分析 17

(三) 需求调研总结 19

四、 黄浦区目前居家养老存在的缺陷和问题 20

(一) 陈旧观念困扰 20

(二) 医保制度制约，上门挂针等医疗服务项目制度受制约 20

(三) 专业人员不足等情况无法开展 20

(四) 社会组织承接服务能力有限，服务面狭窄，无法完全满足老人需求 21

五、 针对需求提出相应对策，探索居家养老新模式 21

(一) 健全老龄事业领导机制 21

(二) 完善社区养老支持服务体系 22

(三) 重点突出特殊老人养老服务 22

(四) 发展社会力量参与社区居家养老 22

(五) 做到“老有所学、老有所乐、老有所为” 22

结论 24

参考文献 25