摘    要    ：已有的研究表明，儿童的说谎能力与心理理论的发展存在显著相关关系。这些研究大多只是收集某一年龄阶段儿童的心理理论发展以及说谎能力的数据，并以此推断出二者之间的相关关系。站在发展的角度上，通过训练心理理论的方式，观察说谎行为的变化，可以更直观地发现二者之间的因果关系。国内外也有少量研究探究了心理理论训练对幼儿说谎能力的影响，但在被试的筛选上，基本选择了2.5-4岁的普通幼儿，未涉及存在心理理论缺陷的自闭症儿童。因此，本研究以一名不会说谎的自闭症儿童为被试，探究心理理论训练对儿童说谎能力的影响。本研究采用单一被试实验的A-B-A设计，干预期采用了心理理论训练。结果发现，干预期取得显著效果，而在干预后的维持期有一定的维持效果。因此，本研究探索性地发现，心理理论训练能够提早自闭症儿童的说谎行为，并且这种影响具备一定的维持效果。

关键词：心理理论； 自闭症； 说谎； 训练

ABSTRACT：Existing research shows that there is a significant correlation between children's lying ability and the development of the theory-of-mind. Most of these studies only collect data on the development of the theory of mind and the ability of lying children of a certain age group, and use this to infer the correlation between them. From the perspective of development, by observing the changes in lying behaviors through the training of the theory-of-mind, we can find the causality between them. There is also a small amount of research at home and abroad that explores the effect of the theory-of-mind training on young children's lying ability. However, in the screening of participants, children aged 2.5-4 years are basically selected, and there is no involvement in autistic children with defects in theory-of-mind. Therefore, the current  study chose an honest autistic child as a test to explore the effect of theory-of-mind training on children's ability to lie. The research used a single subject's A-B-A design. During the intervention period, the theory-of-mind was used to train. As a result, it was found that the intervention period achieved a significant effect, and there was a certain maintenance effect during the maintenance period after the intervention. Therefore, this study has explored and discovered that psychological theory training can advance the behavior of lying children with autism, and this effect has a certain maintenance effect.

Keyword: theory-of-mind; autism; lie; training

目    录

1. 文献综述 4

1.1. 心理理论 4

1.1.1. 心理理论的概述 4

1.1.2. 心理理论的研究范式 4

1.1.3. 心理理论训练的研究 4

1.2. 说谎 6

1.2.1. 说谎能力概述 6

1.2.2. 说谎的研究范式 6

1.2.3. 说谎与心理理论的关系 7

2. 研究的总体思路 7

2.1. 国内外研究现状 7

2.2. 研究意义 8

3. 实验研究 8

3.1. 研究目的 8

3.2. 研究假设 8

3.3. 研究对象 9

3.3.1. 研究对象的筛选 9

3.3.2. 研究对象基本资料 10

3.4. 研究变量 10

3.4.1. 自变量 10

3.4.2. 因变量 10

3.4.3. 控制变量 10

3.5. 研究方法 11

3.5.1. 实验设计 11

3.5.2. 实验程序 12

3.5.3. 数据收集 12

3.5.4. 结果与分析 14

4. 讨论与展望 14

4.1. 讨论 14

4.2. 结论 15

4.3. 本研究的不足与未来可研究的方向 15

1. 文献综述

1.1. 心理理论

1.1.1. 心理理论的概述

Premark和Woodruff在《黑猩猩有心理理论吗？》一书中首次明确提出心理理论（Theory-of-mind）这一概念。他们通过给大猩猩看一系列人的行为的录像，来观察研究大猩猩能够预测人的行为。他们认为“心理理论”是指个体对自身或他人心理状态的推测能力。儿童如果能够对自我和他人的心理状态进行解释，并预测自己和他人的行为，那么他就具有了心理理论。