从古至今，我国在选拔官员的过程中就非常严格，对于任用这些官员也非常谨慎，随着时代的改变，对于一个官员来说，需要具备更高的职业素质水平来应对多变的政治经济环境。因此，在考核过程中，政府就需要建立更加完善的选拔任用制度，以及更加明确的问责机制。本文结合责任政府的民主政治理论，从政府官员选拔任用过程中缺乏有效监督与问责的弊病出发，以“政府官员选拔任用问责机制”为研究对象，既在理论层面丰富了官员选任制度和行政问责机制研究的内涵，也在实践层面为政府部门选贤任能建言献策。

本文通过发现当下政府官员选拔任用的过程中存在诸多弊病或问题，诸如选任体制不尽科学、缺乏问责与监督、公众参与程度低等，表明构建政府官员选任用问责机制对上述问题的解决具有重要意义，并提出了问责机制建立过程中的一系列基本原则，包括同体问责与异体问责相结合、及时公开政府信息、问责工作法治化等。在上述基础上，结合政府官员选任的多年实践，本文重点探讨了目前政府官员选拔任用问责机制存在的不足和问题，如在问责主体方面，存在着问责主体缺位、错位、越位的现象；在问责客体方面，理念上官员个人责任意识存在缺失，实践中贿选等腐败现象严重；问责内容方面，官员选拔任用各环节的责任界定不清，问责的法律规章依据不足；在问责程序方面，处罚方式有限，问责机制未形成完整的体系，相关配套措施仍不健全等。针对上述问题和不足，本文提出了构建政府官员选拔任用问责机制的具体路径和相关建议，主要包括改进政府官员选拔任用的各项制度，厘清选任环节中各方主体的具体责任，完善问责程序与机制，加大处罚力度，建立健全政府官员选任记实制度、举报制度、回避制度等。

关键词  政府官员选任  选任制度  问责机制  责任政府

毕 业 论 文 外 文 摘 要

Title   Analysis of the accountability system of selecting and appointing  

         government officials from the perspective of responsible government

Abstract

Our country's historical tradition has always attached great importance to the selection and appointment of officials, with the development of the current political and economic environment, the higher demands have been put forward for the ability and quality of government officials. At the same time, it also puts forward new challenges to the specific system and accountability mechanism of the selection and appointment of officials. This article combines the theory of democratic politics of responsible government, from the absence of effective supervision and accountability in the selection and appointment of government officials, taking the mechanism of selecting and appointing government officials as the object of study. It not only enriches the connotation of accountability mechanism of selection system and administrative accountability of officials on the theoretical level, but also offers advice for government departments on the practical level.

Through the discovery of the current selection and appointment of government officials, there are many drawbacks or problems, such as the system of election is not scientific, the lack of accountability and supervision, low degree of public participation and so on. This shows that the establishment of accountability system for government officials is of great significance to the solution of these problems, and it puts forward a series of basic principles in the establishment of accountability mechanism which includes the combination of inpidual accountability and variant accountability, timely disclosure of government information, accountability and legalization. On the basis of the above, combined with the years of practice of the election of government officials, this paper focuses on the insufficient problems in the selection and appointment mechanism of government officials. As for the subject of accountability, there exists the phenomenon of absence, dislocation and offside of the subject of accountability. For the object of accountability, at the conceptual level, the officials lack awareness of personal responsibility. In practice, the phenomenon of bribery and other corruption is very serious. In the content of accountability, the responsibilities of selecting and appointing officials are not clearly defined, and the laws and regulations of accountability are insufficient. In the procedure of accountability, the mode of punishment is limited, the accountability mechanism has not formed a complete system, and the relevant supporting measures are still imperfect. In view of the above problems and shortcomings, this paper puts forward the specific path and relevant suggestions for the establishment of the accountability system for selecting and appointing government officials. It mainly includes the improvement of the system of selecting and appointing government officials, make the specific responsibilities of all parties in the election process clear, improve accountability procedures and mechanisms, increase the intensity of punishment, establish and improve the record system, reporting system and avoidance system of government officials.